Not only was Caesar a renowned military commander and political leader, but he could write too! He was known for giving excellent speeches, and wrote books on the Gallic Wars ( Commentarii de Bello Gallico) and the Roman Civil War ( Commentarii de Bello Civili).Ĭaesar started to do a lot of good things when he was made dictator for life, but the Roman Senate was worried that he was becoming too powerful and ambitious. He then used that army to overthrow the government and claim the Roman Empire for himself. Caesar refused to do this, and kept his army together and under his command even when entering the outer boundaries of Rome – crossing the Rubicon. He was marching back to Rome with his armies after fighting in Gaul, but the law was that an army had to disband before entering Rome (which would have prevented civil war). The reason why crossing the Rubicon river was such a big deal is because Caesar was disobeying what the Roman government had asked him to do. Historians aren’t sure where the Rubicon actually was because it’s not really a river anymore, but they think it might have been in northeast Italy. ‘Crossing the Rubicon’ was one of the most important events in Caesar’s life, as it led to the Roman Civil War that made him leader of all Rome. It wasn’t until 43 AD that the Romans conquered and ruled Britain, winning battles against the Celtic tribes who lived there. A map of the area covered by the Roman Empire when Caesar died in 44 BCĬaesar invaded Britain twice during the Gallic Wars – once in 55 BC and once in 54 BC.In 42 BC, two years after his death, Caesar was declared a god.Ĭan you identify the following images in the gallery below?.Today, we still use the expression (from William Shakespeare’s play, Julius Caesar, in which Caesar is told : "Beware the Ides of March"), because of what happened to him on that day. The day that Julius Caesar was murdered, 15 March, was called ‘the Ides of March’ in ancient Rome.They were afraid he was becoming too powerful, and thought he should be stopped. Caesar was murdered by two of his friends – Brutus and Cassius.When Caesar did go free, he gathered an army, sailed back to the island and captured the pirates, and put them in prison. In the year 75 BC, Caesar was captured by pirates in the Mediterranean Sea! They held him prisoner for 38 days while a friend of Caesar’s went to collect the ransom money that the pirates wanted.Caesar was the first Roman leader who had his own head put on a coin.One of the most famous things Caesar said was ‘veni, vidi, vici’, which in English means ‘I came, I saw, I conquered’.Caesar’s family claimed that they were descendants of the goddess Venus.The month of July was named after Julius Caesar.While Caesar was the dictator of Rome, he changed the calendar! He organised it so there would be 365 days in a year, and 366 on leap years.Unfortunately for Caesar, he was killed the next year, 44 BC, on the Ides of March (15 March).By the end of the Roman Civil War in 45 BC, Caesar had been appointed ‘Imperator’, which meant Roman leader for the rest of his life.Julius Caesar’s defining moment was when he crossed the Rubicon, a river that bordered Rome, and led an army into Rome to take over the government.Julius Caesar was the first person to have his own bust (face and neck) printed on a Roman coin.Caesar invaded Britain twice in 55 and 54 BC, but he didn’t try to set up any permanent forts.Caesar was elected consul of Rome in 59 BC, which is the highest political office you could have at that time.Caesar commanded all of Rome’s armies, and won many battles that gave more land to Rome.Caesar created the Julian calendar, which is the basis for the calendar we use today!.Julius Caesar was born on 13 July in the year 100 BC.Roman leaders who came after him also called themselves Caesar. While Caesar had a glowing career in both politics and as a military commander, he was only leader of the Roman Empire for a year before he was assassinated by political enemies. He won many battles for Rome and helped the Roman Empire grow.
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